“Hands-On Readers of Augustine’s Soliloquia in Ninth-Century Francia” Esoteric. Peripheral. One of the least congenial of Augustine’s works. This is how present-day scholars typically describe the Soliloquia, one of the early philosophical dialogues by Augustine of Hippo. Yet the Soliloquia had an enthusiastic readership in Francia and England in the ninth and tenth centuries, as attested by surviving manuscripts and by the translation of the text into Old English. This paper focuses on one of these manuscripts: Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, Aug. perg. 195, which originated at Laon or Soissons in the mid-ninth century. Its copy of the Soliloquia is covered with glosses, explanatory notes, and construal marks, and while some of these indicate that the Soliloquia was consulted for its philosophical content, others attest to a more surprising use, as a substrate for elementary instruction in the disciplines of the trivium. Glosses and reader-added marks in the Karlsruhe manuscript also allow us to directly witness the difficult labor of copying from a glossed exemplar. Though expert, these scribes were fallible. The Karlsruhe text of the Soliloquia preserves a number of interpolated glosses, which imply an earlier and more widespread practice of glossing the Soliloquia that is now nearly invisible in the manuscript record. Moreover, the scribes of the Karlsruhe manuscript employed a system for graphically differentiating among explanatory glosses, alternative readings, and corrections of errors, but visible breakdowns in this system illustrate precisely how glosses easily became interpolated into the main text by mistake during successive rounds of copying. The Karlsruhe manuscript thus supplies a wealth of evidence for understanding the educational utility of the Soliloquia in particular, as well as more general patterns of hands-on engagements by Carolingian scholars with a Latin philosophical text.